Which amendment protects against self-incrimination?

The Fifth Amendment is the one that specifically protects individuals against self-incrimination. This protection means that a person cannot be compelled to testify against themselves in a criminal case, allowing them to remain silent rather than provide evidence that could lead to their own conviction. The famous phrase "plead the Fifth" originates from this amendment, reflecting the right to avoid self-incrimination during legal proceedings.

The Fifth Amendment also encompasses other vital legal protections, such as the right to due process and the requirement of grand jury indictments for capital or serious crimes. This broader context of personal rights underscores the critical nature of the self-incrimination protection within the American legal system.

In contrast, the other amendments listed serve different functions: the Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, the Sixth Amendment guarantees rights related to criminal prosecutions, such as the right to a speedy trial and legal counsel, and the Eighth Amendment addresses issues related to excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment. Each of these amendments plays an important role in safeguarding various rights under the law, but only the Fifth Amendment directly concerns the issue of self-incrimination.