What does the Fourth Amendment protect against?

The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution specifically protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. This foundational principle is essential for ensuring people's privacy and security in their homes, papers, and possessions. The amendment requires law enforcement to have probable cause and, in most cases, a warrant issued by a judge to conduct searches or seize property. This safeguard is crucial in limiting governmental power and protecting citizens from potential abuse, ensuring that personal liberties are respected.

The other options represent different amendments and rights. For instance, protections against excessive bail and cruel punishments are found in the Eighth Amendment. The right to bear arms is guaranteed by the Second Amendment, while the quartering of soldiers is addressed in the Third Amendment. Understanding these distinctions is key in grasping the broader context of individual rights as outlined in the Bill of Rights.