What does the 20th Amendment aim to shorten?

The 20th Amendment to the United States Constitution focuses specifically on shortening the "lame duck" period, which refers to the time between an election and the inauguration of a new president or Congress. Prior to the amendment, this period could extend for several months, during which outgoing officials would still hold office despite being replaced by newly elected members. The amendment moved the date of inauguration for the president from March 4 to January 20 and the commencement of Congress from March 4 to January 3. This change aimed to reduce the potential for inaction or diminished leadership during this transitional phase of government, ensuring that newly elected officials could assume office more swiftly and respond to the needs of the country without undue delay.

Other options, while related to the functioning of government, do not align with the specific intention of the 20th Amendment. The duration of Congressional sessions and the election process are not directly impacted by this amendment, nor does it address voting eligibility requirements.