The principle of federalism refers to what?

The principle of federalism is fundamentally about the division of power between the national government and state governments. This arrangement enables both levels of government to operate independently in their respective spheres of authority. Federalism is a characteristic feature of the United States’ political system, where specific powers are granted to the national government by the Constitution, while other powers are reserved for the states. This balance helps ensure that no single entity holds too much power, allowing for local governance that can respond to regional needs while still being part of the larger national framework.

The concept also highlights the interplay between state and federal governments, as both are able to enact laws and policies within their jurisdictions. This division fosters a system of checks and balances, wherein state governments can serve as laboratories of democracy, experimenting with laws and policies that might differ from those at the national level.