The phrase "separation of church and state" is often associated with which amendment?

The phrase "separation of church and state" is closely associated with the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, which guarantees both the freedom of religion and the establishment of religion clause. The First Amendment states, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.” These clauses are interpreted to create a clear division between government and religious institutions, ensuring that the government does not favor one religion over another or interfere with individuals' rights to practice their faith freely. This fundamental principle has been pivotal in various court cases that define the relationship between religion and government in the United States, reinforcing the idea that the state should not engage in religious endorsement or action.