The Fourth Amendment prohibits what type of government action?

The Fourth Amendment specifically protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. This means that law enforcement must have probable cause and, in many cases, obtain a warrant before conducting searches or seizing property. The purpose of this amendment is to safeguard individual privacy rights and to limit the reach of governmental power in citizens' personal affairs. Unreasonable searches and seizures can lead to the violation of privacy rights and the potential for abuse of power by law enforcement, which is why this protection is a fundamental aspect of American constitutional law.

The other choices pertain to different amendments: excessive fines relate to the Eighth Amendment, quartering soldiers is addressed in the Third Amendment, and double jeopardy is covered by the Fifth Amendment. Each of these amendments protects different rights and freedoms, emphasizing the specificity of the Fourth Amendment's focus on searches and seizures.