Judicial review was established in which landmark case?

Judicial review, the power of courts to assess whether a law or governmental action is in line with the Constitution, was established in the landmark case of Marbury v. Madison. This 1803 decision, delivered by Chief Justice John Marshall, laid the foundation for the judiciary's role as a check on legislative and executive power.

In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court ruled that it had the authority to review acts of Congress and declare them unconstitutional if they did not align with the Constitution. This ruling affirmed the principle that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and it set a precedent for the judiciary's ability to oversee the actions of other branches of government. The case is significant not only because it established judicial review but also because it reinforced the balance of power among the branches of government.

The other cases mentioned, while important in their own right, do not relate to the establishment of judicial review. Brown v. Board of Education addressed racial segregation in public schools, Engel v. Vitale dealt with the prohibition of school-sponsored prayer, and Roe v. Wade focused on a woman's right to choose regarding abortion. These cases all have played critical roles in shaping civil rights and liberties, but none are foundational to the concept of