In Schenck v. U.S., what test was established for limiting free speech?

In Schenck v. U.S., the Supreme Court established the "clear and present danger" test as a criterion for limiting free speech. This test determines that speech can be restricted if it poses an immediate and significant threat to public safety or national security. In the case, Charles Schenck was convicted for distributing leaflets urging resistance to the military draft during World War I. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. articulated that the government has the right to restrict speech that poses a clear and present danger of inciting unlawful action or causing harm.

This principle highlighted the need to balance free expression with the need for public order and safety, particularly in times of war or crisis. The test focuses on the context and potential consequences of speech acts to ascertain whether they truly endanger public interests, thus setting a foundational precedent for future rulings regarding the limits of free speech.